Ancient tamil food habits in tamil. Feb 6, 2013 · 8. It is then allowed to ferment for a few hours and then slow fried over very minimal oil over a skillet. Oct 30, 2019 · This video tells you about 25 good food habits to be followed for a healthy life style in Tamil. CNTs have enabled the layer to last more than 2,600 years, raising questions on the tools used during those periods to achieve Mar 2, 2024 · Tamil Nadu Food Recipes, Breakfast. 4 Days / 3 Nights. 3) Further excavations and carbon the quantity of food to be cooked. Vegetarianism: Tamil cuisine is known for its extensive range of vegetarian dishes. Uttappam with toppings ( Source) Uttapam is a dish very similar to the dosa and is a speciality of Tamil Nadu food. Oct 7, 2015 · The answer is definitely no, as we do not come across breeding of cows, capturing cows of others, buying cows from others for the purpose, milking till they last and then killing for beef and 6. Ancient Tamils well-versed in cooking tasty food. C. Feb 19, 2024 · Traditional Dress of Tamil Nadu for Women. Mar 18, 2023 · 50 Proverbs in Tamil : தமிழ் பழமொழிகள் என்பது தமிழ் சமூதாயத்தில் வாழ்ந்த Jun 29, 2022 · Published - June 30, 2022 12:39 am IST - CHENNAI. But your kid should not be addicted to these junk foods. Sri Lanka ’s food is like a historical and cultural map of the island. Sodium chloride 5. The lungi is a rectangular cloth, normally manufactured from cotton, and worn around the thighs. A proverb has been defined as the “wisdom of many and the wit of one”. ANCIENT TAMIL FOODS. Palai, the arid tract by seasons in the above two tracts; 4. Additionally, all regions have typical main dishes, snacks Known to be one of the oldest civilisations in the world, the people of Tamil Nadu belong to the prestigious Dravidian Family. Although there are variations, this tea-time snack is usually made with a combination of chana dal, onions, ginger, curry leaves, fennel seeds, dried red hot peppers, vegetable oil, and salt. International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology, 7 (1) www. These districts boast various country chicken and mutton-based foods which let out the spicy flavour through black Rice fry (பொரி) was in use during Sangam era. At breakfast time, the popular dishes are Idli, Dosa, Uttapam, Upma, Medhu Vada and Ven Pongal, served with Sambhar and Coconut Chutney. ac. These were: Kurinji (the mountainous region), Mullai (the forest region), Marutham Here are a few examples of Tamil literature or poetry that delve into the concept of wisdom and its significance in unraveling the true meaning behind things: 1. Subscribed. Rasam is a spicy and sour soup-like dish from Tamil, usually served as a side dish with rice or as a soup on its own. Many traditional Tamil households follow a vegetarian diet for cultural, religious, or health reasons. Nungu payasam-Village video. Sep 20, 2023 · Origins and History of Millet in Tamil. 3. Rice flake was produced by pounding the soaked boiled paddy. Allied to today's culture, food also played an important part of the ancient Tamil culture. Astringent and 6. The region extended from Cape Comorin in the South to Tirupati (in Andhra Pradesh) in the North, parts of present Kerala and Karnataka in the West. $138 per adult on twin sharing. It is made by grinding the Urad Dal and rice powder together. in Received on: 15. Have Healthy Food Habits All kids like to have pizzas and burgers. 11. Tamil is the oldest of these. A distinct ethnic group with a history dating back to Sangam era (from 400-300 B. Tamil Food stock photos are available in a variety of sizes and formats to fit your needs. The usage of wheat and its products are virtually Tamil nadu is known for its ancient cultural heritage. 34256/irjt2132. Aug 11, 2020 · Balanced Diet in Tamil - இந்தக் கட்டுரை, சீரான உணவுக்கான உணவு கோபுரத்தைப் South Indian cuisine includes the cuisines of the five southern states of India — Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Telangana —and the union territories of Lakshadweep, and Pondicherry. You can sort of eat your way through the various waves of migration. Tirukkural: Written by Thiruvalluvar, this ancient Tamil text is considered one of the greatest works of ethical literature. ”. Arunan a, *. Quatrain 243 of the Naladishows the feeling of hostility that existed between North and South : between Hindus and Jains. Jan 6, 2023 · A Tamil version of the book would be more educative for people of Tamil Nadu, as the work presents an objective account of the ancient history of Tamils. Sitharathai pal/ Alpinia galanga milk. Tamil Brahmin Recipes - just the way dishes have been cooked in my family since generations- sharing these 80+ traditional authentic recipes with you! 13. This is a very beneficial vessel because the food cooked in this vessel remains hot for a long time. Saree. These poems offer valuable insights into the social, economic, and cultural life of ancient Tamil Nadu. Masala vada. Oct 13, 2018 · IT was during her chartered accountancy days, that Chennai-based Shri Bala travelled to cities in south India. The time period in the history of ancient southern India (Tamizhagam) extending c. of 52. Don't Be Couch Potatoes You have to allow your kids to watch television but only for a couple of hours in a day. 8. M. bitter 4. Ancient Tamil Literary Works. Our Food Their Food: A Historical Overview of the Bengali Platter. V School of Bio-Science and Technology and School of Chemical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India -632014. Amirthalingam. The classical Tamil Sangam literature sorts out five geographical regions (Kurinji Oct 7, 2015 · Mazhavar, a community during the Sangam era, ate the flesh of a fatty cow in the palai (desert) region. Masala vada or chana dal vada is a traditional Indian fritter originating from Tamil Nadu. Black jamun / naval pazham. The poet mentions her host's name as Boothan of Pulvelur village and expresses gratitude for the tasty meal. Thilaka Baskaran. Tamil literature dates back to ancient times, with Sangam literature being the cornerstone of classical Tamil writing. The place where Mazavar killed a calf and ate its flesh was filled with the bad smell (pulal குழந்தைகளின் ஆரோக்கியத்தைக் கெடுக்கும் உணவுகள் நிறையவே Dec 24, 2021 · The Food Culture o f the Tamil Regio n. Oct 19, 2023 · The history of wild rice in Tamil culture dates back to the ancient times, when Tamil people first began cultivating rice. May 16, 2012 · 16 May 2012, 3:59 pm. The History of Tamil Nadu begins with the 3 kingdoms, Chera, Chola and Pandya , which are referred to in documents of the 3rd century BC. Jun 12, 2017 · Among the middle five tinais or strands of life style ( ஐந்திணை) are habits of five lands classified: 1. 2016 Accepted on: 12. Its traditionally eaten with jaggery and gingelly oil. Sangam literature also speak about rice flake (அவல்). Elatha pazham-Jujube fruit-benefits. Gokulashtami Bhakshanam photo. The Tamil people speak the Tamil language, one of the ancient languages in the world. One of the most well-known cuisines is the Chettinadu Cuisine in the Karaikudi, Pudukottai, Kanadukathan and Devakottai Districts. * Corresponding Author: arunankapilan@gmail. 1 min read. These are a very popular street food and tea-time snacks. “I wanted more from food, so I began my research in ancient Tamil heritage and its food,” says the 44-year-old. Varun – This Tamil name means “ocean” or “sea. The cooking style is characterized by identifiable ingredients, cooking processes and proficiency. Apr 26, 2020 · The food of Tamil Nadu is influenced by cultural choices. Sri Lankan food tradition is strongly inter-wound with the nutritional, health-related, and therapeutic reasoning of the food ingredients and the methods of preparation. The Tamils were no exception to this practice. தமிழர் சமையல், பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக தென் இந்தியா, இலங்கை மற்றும் The Early Cholas were a Tamil kingdom of the Chola Dynasty - pre and post Sangam period (600 BCE–300 CE). CC BY 4. Unveiling the Naladiyar. 2) Excavations at the megalithic site of Adittanallur provided evidence that the Dravidians originated in South India and had a highly developed civilization by at least 2000 BC. $144 per adult on twin sharing. FEATURES OF THE CUISINE • Coconut oil is used as the medium of cooking. AGRICULTURE IN THE SANGAM LITERATURE OF TAMIL NADU During the Sangam period (200 BC to 100 AC), the main profession of the population of the Tamil region (now Tamil Nadu) was agriculture. Ainkurunuru (ஐங் குறுநூறு) refers about a food prepared by mixing rice fry with milk (Ainkurunuru 53). Original Resolution: 1200x630 px Ancient Tamil Food Recipes In Tamil Language - Educational in tamil nadu, the reading habit is similarly the commercial channel of the facilities are growing so rapidly that A single humour (Tamil: Uyir dhathu) dominates over the other two in a particular season and during any specific period of a day, and hence the food habits and other lifestyles must be tuned in accordingly for healthy living (CSIR–AYUSH, 2012). The cuisine consists of an array of dishes that range from mild to spicy, sweet to tangy, and everything Apr 21, 2024 · Traditional. Sangam Literature, the earliest known literature of South India, has poems that talk in depth about the five landscapes that ancient Tamil land could be divided into. Exploring the lives of Ancient Tamil Civilization, in 5 Thinai (landscapes) Kurinji, Mullai, Marutham, Neithal and Palai. Get Quotes >. Tamil word for proverb is Pazamozi, the meaning of which is an 1. Not to forget, the state also bids an extensive range of tea, coffee, banana and coconut, which together with other fares, makes Tamilnadu one of the best food getaways in அசாதாரணமான வாழ்க்கை முறைகளில், மனித சட்ட மாற்றங்களின் Tamil Nadu Cuisine - Cultural food habits are foods that are made in that country and your home food. CHENNAI: Speakers at the International Conference on ‘Food Habits portrayed in Tamil literature’, organised by the Tamil Department at the Stella Maris Rice and ritual: the Tamil art of cooking. Sangam Era culture have a recognizable cuisine, a specific set of cooking traditions. Their foods are differed from region to region. Tamil is also an official spoken language in Sri L anka & Singapore. International Research Journal of Tamil 3 (3):7-21. B. Generally, the Tamil society had enjoyed an affluent economy during the Sangam Age. 14K views 5 years ago Thinnai Podcast. Sweet 2. Crispy sweet Kokis came from the Netherlands. Oldest known human-made nanostructures found in ancient artifacts in Tamil Nadu. 6 Days / 5 Nights. Eating food from banana leaves is […] Mar 10, 2024 · Savor the authentic flavors of Tamil Nadu's famous food gems, a journey through traditional culinary delights. A ‘single vada’ is usually a fixed addition to the breakfast menu at most eateries and households. Ancient Tamil Nadu: Glimpses of the Past Jun 19, 2017 · Archaeologists say ancient Tamil literature and excavations provide evidence about the existence of such ports that played a major role in overseas trade in the past. There she learnt the nuances of south Indian food. Gingelly oil or sesame seed oil is used for finishing some dishes. This study refers to practices, attitudes, and beliefs as well as the networks that encompasses the concepts of food ways . 2016 Abstract. காம் பதிவில் பெண்களின் வாழ்வில் மிக முக்கிய Tamil language is one of the famous and ancient Dravidian languages spoken by people in Tamil Nadu and the 5th most spoken language in India. Dec 4, 2020 · Indigenous and traditional foods of Sri Lanka inherit a long history and unique traditions continued from several thousands of years. Bengal has been famous for its food and cuisine ever since the establishment of civilization in the landscape of gluttons, made up of the sovereign state of Bangladesh (earlier East Bengal or East Pakistan) and the Indian state of West Bengal, with a total area of more than In the ancient Tamil Jiterature frequent mention is made of this huge animal, its habitat, its customs and habits, the uses to which it was put and similar Oct 21, 2020 · Famous Food of Tamil Nadu - List of the top 17 famous foods in Tamil Nadu that are popular for their distinctive flavors, rich culinary heritage, and unique blend of spices. Okkarai for Diwali. Quintessential Tamil Nadu Package: Madurai, Rameshwaram, Kanyakumari. May 4, 2021 · Before the advent of modern ceramic plates, people across the globe utilized natural materials for serving and consuming food. Traditions that help Preserved Plant. 15. The translation of the above song is steamed varagu rice, smoked and mashed aubergine and tangy frothy buttermilk. Oct 20, 2022 · பயனுள்ள சமையல் குறிப்புகள் | Useful Cooking Tips and Tricks நம் சமையல் செய்யும் Here are some cultural insights and interesting facts about Tamil food and drink: 1. Oct 15, 2016 · S, Suneetha. 18, No. Hence, the culture has seen multiple influences The food and the style they followed is also familiarly seen in Tamil Literature. Get a taste of rural Tamil Nadu with our collection of 21 authentic recipes, featuring the unique ingredients and cooking styles of the region's villages. Thinai dates pongal-Unique iron rich. This collection is an Encyclopaedia of Tamil Wisdom. Wilderness & Hills Package: Ooty, Wayanad & Mysore. Tamils all over the world ar proud of the culture of Tamil Nadu and take great efforts to safegaurd and practise their cultural traits. Tamil culture is the culture of the Tamil people. It has a collection of more than 20,000 proverbs. Sangam literature paints a vivd picture of the social life of the ancient Tamils and provides the historical background for their eating habits. 2 July - September 2012. Traditional knowledge plays a very Tamil Nadu Travel Packages. Kottaimuthu /Castor seeds. This sweet delicacy is made from a combination of split yellow moong dal, jaggery, and coconut milk, simmered to perfection. Munneer refers to the sea – a May 24, 2023 · The flavors of Tamil cuisine are a true reflection of the region’s culture and history. Idli. bitter 4. sweet 2. • Muscle (Tamil: Thasai) - Muscles are important to give strength to body activities. Samosas and lentil dhal drifted south from India (although you’ll find more mustard seeds and heavy spices here). Read on to know more about the Tamil Nadu cuisine you must try once. Mullai, the meadow of forest tracts; 3. C. From Bronze Age archaeological sites to ancient Tamil literature, evidence of millet's influential role in Tamil history is abundant. May 2021. Apr 27, 2024 · The break - up of the joint family and the increase in the number of career women have inevitably changes some Tamil Eating habits. Their early capitals were Urayur or Tiruchirapalli and Kaveripattinam. Dec 18, 2017 · CUISINE The geography of Tamil Nadu plays an important role in shaping the food habits as well as the cuisine of Tamil Nadu. Jul 3, 2019 · The idea, experts say, was to preserve water bodies from being polluted. Trading over Jan 28, 2024 · The Sangam period is an ancient era in South India, known for its rich Tamil culture and literature. 5 Diet Tips from Thirukkural and Ancient Tamil Food Culture This is a documentation of how Tamil people had healthy life and how they consumed food/feast how Jun 18, 2023 · The key ingredients in Tamil cuisine include rice, lentils, coconut, tamarind, and a variety of spices. This dish is considered to be a store house of proteins. Indulge your sweet tooth with a bowl of Paruppu Payasam, a traditional Tamil Nadu dessert that is both rich and creamy. The state has been ruled by the Cholas, Pandyas and the Pallavas Apr 29, 2023 · Tamil Culture and Food Importance / Tamil Food / PH value of Indian Tamil Food - ஒரு குடும்பத்தில் அனைவரும் ஒரே Feb 16, 2021 · Tamil Nadu’s meat-based food platter is dominated by chicken, goat meat (mutton), fish and prawns. Tamils enjoy seven major tastes: 1. Tea-time itself is from 5-7 pm and is probably the result of the British influence in India. Email: vsuneetha@vit. Sangam people cooked rice fry from boiled paddy. The dish is usually served with a veggie or sambar rice dish. 300 BCE and 300 CE offers a bright image about the society and social life of the Tamil people those days and furnishes the historical scope of the eating habits of Tamilians. Sangam literature consists of 2381 poems composed by 473 poets, covering various themes. The six tastes of Tamils are 1. Cocoa Burfi. C and plays a significant role as a language in the world today. Marutam, the cultivate land on river bed; and 5. Microwave Maladoo (besan laddoo) Seven Cup Cake. Kurinj, the hilly tract; 2. Compare quotes from upto 3 travel agents for free. Hence, the article probes to know about the food habits of our Tamil ancestors and sentiments through the literary works and critical studies. A movement towards a simpler cuisine can be sensed. Lentils, such as toor dal and urad dal, are used extensively in the preparation of sambar, rasam, and various other dishes. Karuppatti sweet pongal. Classical Period Novels May 13, 2021 · Food thy be medicine – A perspective from ancient Tamils. pungent (mirchi) 3. Some of the kings of these dynasties are mentioned in Sangam Literature and the age between the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century AD is called the Sangam Age. 5% currently from 4. It has its roots in Sanskrit and signifies energy, vitality, and enthusiasm. Uma Immerse yourself in the rich culinary heritage of Tamil Nadu with these 20 traditional food items that are a must-try for every food lover. That is, at least one Medhu Vada is served along with breakfast Mar 27, 2024 · பூப்புனித நீராட்டு விழா சீர்வரிசை | Puberty Ceremony Sequence in Tamil வணக்கம் நண்பர்களே இன்றைய பொதுநலம். This would need to be tracked and if it continues owing healthy food in tamil, healthy foods in tamil, healthy food in tamil language, health food tamil, healthy food tamil, tamil healthy food, healthy food list in tamil,nutrition food in tamil language, இயற்கை உணவுகள், natural food in tamil, iyarkai unavugal in tamil, இயற்கை உணவு பட்டியல், iyarkai unavugal, 1) The ancient Tamil civilization flourished in the Tamil land between 3500 BC and 500 BC. As seen in the other states of India, the traditional food items of Tamil Nadu too are shaped by the geographical location of the state. 9. Sarees can be worn by women to temples, offices, marriage and parties. Surrounded by water, the fertile soil of Tamil Nadu yields an excellent cultivation of rice, which in turn forms the staple food of most of the people of Tamil Nadu. The famous Tamil poetry cilapattikaram portrays women in sarees. 35K subscribers. May 28, 2023 · Tamil Nadu has always been a hub for food connoisseurs to take a great pleasure of some of the finest traditional cuisine in the country. 1. Aug 23, 2022 · If you visit Tamil Nadu, famous snacks include Murukku, Payakayalu, Kuzhi Paniyaram, Green Pea masala, all paired with two cylindrical cups of tea. IJARIIT. Tamilians also, like other South Indians, take much pride in their rooted Tamil culture and make great efforts to protect their 2000 years old history. Browse Getty Images’ premium collection of high-quality, authentic Tamil Food stock photos, royalty-free images, and pictures. 0. Authors: Chellam N. It is unique and associated with Sangam civilization. This video series is about Mullai The break-up of the joint family and the increase in the number of career women have inevitably changed some Tamil eating habits. Kambu kurunai sadam. Elatha vadai-Jujube vada. Introduction. #tamilculture May 31, 2018 · Food in ancient Tamil country was based on the landscape and easily available resources,” points out novelist Nanjil Nadan, who's currently penning a book 'Nanjil Nattu Unavu ', on the May 13, 2023 · The “Naladiyar” (நாலடியார்) is one such gem from ancient Tamil literature that not only reflects the cultural significance of food but also imparts invaluable insights into the importance of a balanced diet and good food habits. Ancient Tamil literature had different terms to connote different types of water. Prepare healthy foods at home so that your kids develop a taste of home-cooked food. Paruppu Payasam – A Tasty Lentil Dessert. The soup features a tart base of tamarind, kokum, or other souring agents, and tomatoes, along with lentils or dal (optional). DOI: 10. Jun 1, 2012 · Tamil is one of the richest languages in the world. There are typically vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes for all five states. This dish used to be very popular in Sri Lanka too. Tamil is a very old classical language and has inscriptions from 500 B. Badam Kheer / Payasam. Paddy was the most important crop; it Farming in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. 9% in 2006), the significant shift away from a balanced protein-inclusive diet could have serious health implications. Sep 20, 2020 · Insights: Given that rice is the staple grain in Tamil Nadu and the substantial increase in diabetes in Rural Tamil Nadu (reported to be as high as 13. It originates from the Sanskrit word “varuna,” which refers to the god of the ocean in Hindu mythology. com. Rice is the staple food of Tamil Nadu and is consumed in various forms such as steamed rice, biryani, and dosa. However, Tamil food practices and their cultural implications still retain their basic character. - Her major research interests are Tamil culture reflected in modern Tamil literature and folktales, Tamil humour, Indian food habits, Hindu ritual, and mythology. Wild rice, which is native to South India, played an important role in the development of Tamil culture, contributing to the food, music, and art of the region. Secretary of Madurai-based May 28, 2021 · Ancient tamil food culture to modern transformation and effects: Sangam timeframe culturally has distinct delicacies and therefore a specific set of cooking skills. All the same, Tamil food prac¬ tices and their cultural implications still retain their basic character. • Rice is the staple food of Tamil Nadu. The Sangam period is considered a golden age of Jan 1, 2012 · Eco News, Vol. (example)italy made the first pizza. Biodiversity in Ancient Tamil Nadu. Agriculture, industry, trade and commerce made the Sangam Tamils almost self-sufficient. 266. Traditional food. For men, traditional dress of Tamil Nadu is lungi, together with a shirt and Angavastra. a Centre for Tamil Culture, Alagappa University, Karaikudi-630003, Tamil Nadu, India. UNESCO Courier, March, 1984. 10. Arwi flourished in the 11th century in coastal Tamil Nadu and south-west Ceylon (modern day Sri Lanka) as a result of Arab traders visiting in search of exotic spices. Along with Pandyas and Cheras, Chola history goes back to the period when written records were scarce. Nov 23, 2020 · These are “the oldest nanostructures observed till now,” according to a new study. These coatings are made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Tamil proverbs touch all the subjects under the sun. It was one of the three main kingdoms of Tamilakam. To attract more tourists, Indologists and Tamil enthusiasts, the Tamil Nadu government is planning to shift the Ancient Tamil Art Gallery, located Sep 7, 2023 · 6. Sari found a special place among their costumes, saree, blouse and half saree is the traditional dress for women in Tamil Nadu. Millet cultivation in Tamil Nadu dates back over 3,000 years, providing an essential source of sustenance to the region's early inhabitants. They would ingeniously stitch together various leaves from trees like the banyan, jackfruit, palmyra, coconut, and lotus to create eco-friendly serving containers. This land included the Kumari Land (now submerged under the sea) as well as modern Kerala. A dhoti is a rather longer lungi, but with an additional length of material hauled up within the legs. In the Sangam poems land is classified into five geographical areas and the food related to each area is described. Thinnai Thamizh. The Angavastra is an elongated piece of cloth wrapped Aug 5, 2019 · written by Intrepid Travel August 5, 2019. Yuvan – A trendy Tamil name meaning “young” or “youthful. The main economic activities were agriculture, weaving, pearl fishery, manufacturing and construction. Sour Sangam generation gastronomic has improved significantly over time Jun 18, 2019 · Origin of Arwi. License. Uttapam. கண் பார்வை திறன் அதிகரிக்க உணவு | Eye Health Tips in Tamil,eye power increase food in tamil,food good for eyes in india, கண்,கண்கள்,கண்ணுக்கு நல்ல காய், Feb 8, 2021 · History of Tamil food of Ancient Tamils with special reference to Sangam Literature. A. The great antiquity of Tamil, which is the one worthy rival of Sanskrit, is abundantly plain. The Sangam era saw the creation of epic poems and lyrical compositions that laid the foundation for storytelling in Tamil culture. 14. Archaeological evidence points to the Tamilakam region being inhabited for more than 400 millennia and has more than 5,500 years of continuous cultural history. com Murukku, Banana Chips, Bonda, Appalam, and Green Gram Sprouts (Moong) are some snacks and side dishes which also should be added to your list of must-try food in Tamilnadu. The ancient grammatical works existing in Tamil, and its wonderful metrical system, prove its assiduous cultivation for long ages. Ulundhu kali /Korrakan Kali or Black gram porridge: Its one of the very health dishes, given to girls during puberty in villages in earlier days. The diverse culinary traditions and preparations reflect multipurpose objectives combining Thiruvadarai Kali and Thalagam. Tamil literature, Hinduism] Gabriella Eichinger Ferro-Luzzi was associate professor of Tamil language and literature at the Istituto Universitario Ori-entale, Naples (retired in 2001). The economy of the ancient Tamil country ( Sangam era: 600 BCE – 300 CE) describes the ancient economy of a region in southern India that mostly covers the present-day states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. E to 300 CE), Tamils are either Saivites or Vaishnavites segment of Sep 10, 2020 · ஒருபோது யோகியே யொண்டளிர்க்கை மாதே இருபோது போகியே யென்பர் Nov 18, 2023 · The Rich Heritage of Tamil Literature. Aug 13, 2018 · சங்க கால உணவுகள் | Ancient Tamil Food Habits | Tamil Literature - YouTube. qi jt eg kc kc aw lj qg lq ip